High Blood Pressure: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention

What is High Blood Pressure?

High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a condition where the blood pressure in your arteries is consistently higher than normal. Blood pressure is measured with two numbers: systolic blood pressure (the top number) and diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number). High blood pressure is defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg.

Causes of High Blood Pressure

In many cases, the cause of high blood pressure is unknown (primary hypertension). However, several risk factors can increase your chances of developing the condition, including:

• Family history: Having a family history of high blood pressure.
• Unhealthy diet: Eating too much salt, saturated fat, and cholesterol.
• Lack of exercise: Insufficient physical activity.
• Overweight or obesity: High body mass index (BMI).
• Stress: Prolonged stress.
• Smoking: Nicotine causes blood vessels to constrict.
• Excessive alcohol consumption: Negatively impacts the cardiovascular system.
• Other medical conditions: Kidney disease, adrenal gland disorders.

Symptoms of High Blood Pressure

Often, high blood pressure has no noticeable symptoms in the early stages. Therefore, regular blood pressure checks are crucial. However, some people may experience symptoms such as:

• Severe headaches
• Dizziness
• Fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Blurred vision

Preventing High Blood Pressure

You can reduce your risk of developing high blood pressure by:

• Healthy diet: Reducing salt intake, eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Increased physical activity: Exercising regularly for at least 30 minutes most days of the week.
• Weight loss if overweight or obese: Maintaining a healthy weight.
• Stress management: Finding ways to relax and reduce stress.
• Quit smoking: Stop smoking cigarettes.
• Limit alcohol consumption: Drinking in moderation or not at all.
• Regular blood pressure checks: Seeing your doctor for regular blood pressure monitoring.

When to See a Doctor

You should see a doctor if you have symptoms suggestive of high blood pressure or have a family history of the condition. Your doctor will perform tests and advise on appropriate treatment.